Except=bus OR except=psv tags are not considered for "vehicle":"car"

Additionally to the turn_costs parameter in the profile section can you try to set the turn_costs in the roads vehicle too, like:

graph.vehicles: roads|turn_costs=true|transportation_mode=HGV,car|turn_costs=true

I think it is a bug that as soon as you specify the graph.vehicles option you overwrite the turn_costs setting with false if you do not specify it.